Disruption due to COVID-19 in Sierra Leone could lead to 23,000 extra teenage pregnancies by the end of the year, according to new analysis from Save the Children.
To combat this, the organisation has launched an innovative, interactive game application for boys and girls which provides them with reliable information on sexual health as well as how to stay safe from the coronavirus.
For some, this information could be lifesaving. Pregnancy complications kill girls in Sierra Leone, accounting for a quarter of all deaths among girls age 15-19, according to the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Global Burden of Disease 2017 report.
World Bank data shows that teenage pregnancy rate in Sierra Leone is already one of the highest in the world.
In West Africa babies born to mothers under the age of 16 are two times more likely to die during the first month of their lives.
Heather Campbell, Save the Children’s Country Director in Sierra Leone, said: “This pandemic threatens to be catastrophic for girls in Sierra Leone. During the Ebola outbreak teenage pregnancy soared due to knock-on effects like school closures and increased poverty. Those same risks have returned, but we can’t let it happen again. Like all of us, children in Sierra Leone are scared of the virus, and are also worried about the future. There has never been a more important time to empower teenagers to take control of their sexual health and stay safe.”
Campbell also revealed that young people in Sierra Leone led the app’s design, “so we know it relates to their lives and works for them, and we quickly updated the content to include vital information about Coronavirus as we saw it spreading across the world.”
According to Save the Children the pandemic and its secondary impacts such as lockdowns, lack of school and economic hardship threaten to be hugely damaging for women and girls worldwide. Six months of lockdown could lead to seven million unintended pregnancies and 31 million additional cases of gender-based violence. There could also be an additional 13 million child marriages this decade.
Kadiatu, 18, lives in a densely populated fishing community of makeshift homes built with mud and corrugated metal sheets. During the Ebola outbreak she became pregnant aged just 13 by a boy from a better off family.
She said: “My family and I were desperate, we hardly had enough money for food. I even got blurred vision from the hunger. When I asked my mother for food, she would tell me that I’m a big girl, so I should find ways of bringing in money to feed the family.”
“Some girls are going through the same thing [now]. There is no food. Girls need money. What they do not get at home they will likely get from the ‘big man’ on a corner.”
She said that for those coming up now, they should not make the same mistakes they made. “And the parents who allowed us to make these mistakes, we need to tell them to stop it,” she said.
“I was lucky to give birth safely at such a young age. I worry for some of these children because they might not be so lucky.”
Save the Children provides food, cash and soap to girls facing hardship during the pandemic. The aid agency also gives teenage girls vocational training like tailoring, which they can use while still going to school to help boost family income.
But information is also key, according to Kadiatu: “I was aware of it, but I did not know how to get prevention… there was no money. I did not know that it [family planning] was free. I really did not have the understanding to take prevention at that time.”
Kadiatu is determined not to let history repeat itself during the COVID-19 pandemic. After training from Save the Children she meets girls with similar backgrounds, to share her story and help them navigate the tough decisions they face.
In Sierra Leone, online misinformation on sex and sexuality contributes to high rates of teenage pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases, especially in urban areas. Talking about sex is taboo in families and communities, and sexual education is not taught in schools.
The app aims to fill this gap by offering reliable information to help young people understand sexual health and make decisions that will protect them from infections and pregnancy, as well as the coronavirus. It also shows them where they can find support in their community.
The stigma attached to teenage pregnancy means it’s common for mothers to kick their daughters out of the family home when they become visibly pregnant, leaving them with nowhere to go. A vicious cycle that starts with a girl feeling pressured to support herself can end up with homelessness and motherhood.
Save the Children worked with young people and Limkokwing University in Sierra Leone, and software developers, Lulu Lab, in Denmark, to create an interactive game which takes teenagers through realistic challenges in their lives. As the threat of COVID-19 grew the team worked fast to incorporate vital information about hygiene and social distancing.
There have so far been 909 cases of COVID-19, and 47 deaths in Sierra Leone, with fears that the virus could spread rapidly through densely populated slums.
Emma Kargbo, 16, from Freetown said: “I came to know about coronavirus through Facebook and What’s App. This app is good because it teaches us about contraceptives and other ways we can be protected. The app will protect me and my family from the virus. By using it we will learn more about social distancing, washing of hands frequently and using a face mask, no hugging or shaking of hands.”
Teenagers identified scenarios and came up with options and solutions that felt real to them. The result is a tool that talks frankly about sexual reproductive health in a way that resonates with the people it aims to reach.
The game application can be accessed online or offline through smartphone or tablet. Mobile phone subscriptions in Sierra Leone more than doubled from 2012 to 2016 – and usage is growing among urban teenagers. More than half of mobile connections in the country are now broadband. For children without tablets or smartphones Save the Children holds facilitated sessions with the app.
Worldwide, pregnancy and childbirth complications are the leading cause of death among girls aged 15–19. Adolescent mothers aged 10–19 years face higher risks of eclampsia and infections. Each year there are 3.9 million unsafe abortions among girls aged 15–19 contributing to maternal mortality and lasting health problems.
In Sierra Leone there are many parallels between the measures brought in to curb the Ebola outbreak in 2014-15 and the current COVID-19 pandemic, such as school closures and curfews. Meanwhile the health system suffered and jobs were lost leading to economic hardship and food insecurity. As a result of a combination of these factors teenage pregnancy surged by up to 65%.